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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Advanced Language Features - H3RALD</title> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Crimson+Text:400,400italic,600,600italic,700,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="author" content="Fabio Cevasco" /> <meta name="robots" content="all, follow" /> <meta name="Revisit-After" content="2 Days" /> <meta name="description" content="H3RALD - Fabio Cevasco's Web Site" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="keywords" content="h3rald, fabio cevasco, glyph, ruby" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <meta content="44.388041;9.073248" name="ICBM" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/github.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/style.css" /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script src="https://www.google.com/jsapi?key=ABQIAAAAr6RY1Z6dchG_sX9WDLSy3xRlq2n1sm52B5HDRR5tm6o8XM18FhR56xHNNH6CsX86uN5VoTrglpyOyQ" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/sevenup.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/sevenup_black.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-timeago.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/date.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/hyphenator.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/init.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/search.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/highlight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/bootstrap.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row" id="header-row"> <div class="col-md-6 main-title"> <h1> <a href="/"><img src="/img/h3rald.png" alt="H3RALD" /></a> </h1> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-2"> <div class="gcse-searchbox" data-enableAutoComplete="true"></div> </div> </div> <div id="search_results"> <div class="gcse-searchresults" data-linkTarget="_top"></div> </div> <div id="main-navbar" class="navbar navbar-inverse" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> HOME</a></li> <li><a href="/projects/"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> PROJECTS</a></li> <li><a href="/tags/"><i class="fa fa-tags"></i> TAGS</a></li> <li><a href="/archives/"><i class="fa fa-archive"></i> ARCHIVES</a></li> <li><a href="/about/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> ABOUT</a></li> <li><a href="/contact/"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> CONTACT</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <article class="page"> <header class="row"> <hgroup class="col-md-9"> <h1>Advanced Language Features</h1> <h2>Ruby Compendium</h2> </hgroup> </header> <section id="body-text" class="hyphenate"> <nav class="navigation"><a href="/ruby-compendium/book/core-stdlib.html">← The Core and the Standard Library</a> | <a href="/ruby-compendium/book/index.html">Contents</a> | <a href="/ruby-compendium/book/gems.html">Ruby Gems →</a></nav> <p>One of the best things about Ruby is that you’re not stuck with a single programming paradigm. Even though everything in Ruby is an object (thereby making it a fully object-oriented language), nothing forbids you to program procedurally, or even use typical functional constructs.</p> <p>The beauty of this is that you can (and should) combine elements from different paradigms, resulting in very powerful and expressive code. What I really like about Ruby though is its inherent dynamic nature.</p> <p>You have a very few constraints when coding:</p> <ul> <li>you can open and close class definitions at will,</li> <li>you are not constrained by object types</li> <li>you can mix-in methods in multiple classes at the same time</li> <li>you can write code that <em>writes itself</em> dynamically (this is commonly called <em>metaprogramming</em>)</li> <li>you can easily create Domain-Specific Language to solve problems faster, with style</li> <li>you can create and pass around blocks of code</li> </ul> <p>All these things make the language very flexible and powerful. Do not overuse Ruby’s power: if your code starts to look like black magic, you’re probably going too far.</p> <aside class="box"> <div class="box-title">If you want to know more...</div> <p>…on specific and advanced Ruby features, check out these articles:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://olabini.com/blog/2006/09/ruby-metaprogramming-techniques/">Ruby Metaprogramming techniques</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.skorks.com/2010/05/ruby-procs-and-lambdas-and-the-difference-between-them/">Ruby Procs And Lambdas (And The Difference Between Them)</a></li> <li><a href="http://juixe.com/techknow/index.php/2006/06/15/mixins-in-ruby/">Ruby Mixin Tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.valibuk.net/2009/03/domain-specific-languages-in-ruby/">Domain Specific Languages in Ruby</a></li> </ul> </aside> <nav class="navigation"><a href="/ruby-compendium/book/core-stdlib.html">← The Core and the Standard Library</a> | <a href="/ruby-compendium/book/index.html">Contents</a> | <a href="/ruby-compendium/book/gems.html">Ruby Gems →</a></nav> </section> </article> </div> <footer> <section> <p>H3RALD Web Site v8.4 © 2004 — 2014 <em>Fabio Cevasco</em></p> </section> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var disqus_shortname = 'h3rald'; (function() { var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true; dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq); })(); </script> <noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript> <a href="http://disqus.com" class="dsq-brlink">comments powered by <span class="logo-disqus">Disqus</span></a> <script> hljs.tabReplace = ' '; hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); </script> <!-- Start Google Analytics --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18587377-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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